YELLOW class-colonial America webnotes
Only the YELLOW class should post information in the comment section on this page.
25 lines or 200 words minimum.
Look through web sites. Find information on your topic. Rewrite that information in your own words. DO NOT copy and paste directly from web sites. Look for information that is original, different, interesting, or still relevant today. List your sources (you must visit at least three sites, even if you didn't use all three sites in your comments). You may visit Wikipedia as a launching point, but you cannot use it as a listed source.
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posted by JTF @ 10:16 AM
14 comments
14 Comments:
Legacy of the Puritans in America today
-They had virtues of qualities that made for economic success—self-reliance, frugality, good work ethics, and energy and because them influenced todays social and economic life.
-Their believe in education was important in the development of the United States.
-Harvard was started as a school for puritans to learn to read the Bible
-Blue law-1.A law used to regulate commercial business on Sunday.
2.A body of laws in colonial New England used to backup certain moral beliefs and particularly to prohibit certain forms of entertainment or recreation on Sundays.
-In Bergen County, New Jersey grocery stores are non permitted to operate on Sundays.
-“No one shall cross a river on the Sabbath but authorized clergymen.” This is a blue law in Conneticut.
(http://www.answers.com/topic/blue-law?cat=biz-fin)
(http://personal.pitnet.net/primarysources/bluelaws.html)
(http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0860592.html)
-Puritans established the first public schooling.
-Their schools were mandatory, but free.
-Next to religion, education was the most important thing to the Puritans.
-They were interested in educating their children.
-In 1636 the Puritans founded a college at Newton.
-Newton is now present-day Cambridge.
-John Harvard gave the college part of his estate.
-His estate amounted to $4000, a very large sum back then.
-Then it was said the college would be named after him.
-In 1647 the General court of Massachusetts ordered that every town with at least fifty families would have to have a public education center.
-There was also a grammar school in the larger towns.
-Their school year was seldom more than four months.
http://www.usgennet.org/usa/topic/colonial/book/chap10_3.html
http://www.apuritansmind.com/PuritanArticles/PuritanRoots.htm
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-47569/history-of-education
Brett and Tom
Anne Bradstreet-America's First Poet
Lived from 1612- 1672.
Her name at birth was Anne Dudley.
She grew up with her dad and he tutored, making her very educate. She immigrated to Massachusetts in 1630 with her father and husband. Her life was hard there- frequent Indian attacks and Bradstreet had poor health.
She used her experience and religious belief to create poetry. She is best known as America’s first poet. One of the first poets to write an English verse in the American colony. She was a hostess and had eight children. Most of her poems are considered long and dull, but her last two poems are thought to be individual and genuine in their recapulation of her own feelings.
Some of the poems were for her family. Her later poems share her spiritual growth as she begins to accept the Puritan creed. Her brother-in-law took her poetry to England in 1647, where it was published. She was not aware of this. It was published as The Sixth Muse Lately Sprung up in America. For the most part, the book consists of four long poems, which can be considered as one poem, which are set in heroic couplets.
Some of her major works include The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America, Upon a Fit Sickness, Contemplations, and the second edition of The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America.
In Anne Bradstreet’s time, women were treated unfairly. Many critics believe that she copied off of men’s ideas for her poetry. Some of her poems were written for her husband., Simon Bradstreet. Her religious experiences are also another theme used in her poetry. Her poetry includes Puritan’s views on salvation and redemption. By using her emotions in her witting, she was known as a great writer.
miranda and anna
www.nagasaki-gaigo.ac.jp/ishikawa/amlit/b/bradstreet1718.htm
www.answers.com/topic/anne-bradstreet
www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/16071783/lit/bradstre.htm
Puritan Family Life
-Historians have commonly characterized Puritan family life as joyless, repressive, even brutal
-Puritan parents disciplined their children mercilessly, crushed their wills, responded callously to their deaths, and routinely sent them out of the home to be raised by cold-hearted surrogates
-A surrogate is a substitute for the parents that will raise their children
-Judith S. Graham's close reading of Sewall's diary and family papers reveals that warmth, sympathy, and love could often be present in the Puritan parent-child relationship
-She suggests that the special nature of childhood was a concept that parents understood well.
These examples show that although sometimes the Puritan family life could be harsh and cruel, it could also be loving and warm.
source-http://www.upne.com
Puritan Theocracy
--A theocracy government is of a state by immediate divine guidance. A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was any person seeking "purity" of worship and doctrine.
--Some Puritans were in favor of separating from the English Church, which was currently under King James I. Most Puritans only wanted to change certain aspects of the church
--A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was any person seeking "purity" of worship and doctrine
--separation of church and state is a political and legal doctrine which states that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent of one another.
-supreme Court case regarding the inclusion of the phrase "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance and President George Bush's promotion of his "faith based initiative"
-The American Civil Liberties Union tried to tear a picture of christ off the wall. The federal judge ruled that the picture of the Savior will stay put.
http://edweb.tusd.k12.az.us/uhs/APUSH/1st%20Sem/
Articles%20Semester%201/Artiles%20Semester%201/Wertenbaker
.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of
_church_and_state
William Bradford was born on March 19 1590. He was a leader of the Plymouth sepratists colony in Massachusetts and at one point was a governor. He served two fifteen year terms in this position. He was the son of Englishman William Bradford and was born near Doncaster in Austerfield, Yorkshire. He is widely know for his diary published in 1647 published as of Plymouth Plantation. He is also credited to be the first to say what most people call the holiday, Thanksgiving. On December 7, 1620 Dorothy Bradford his wife died while their ship was docked in Province town, this was just before the colony was established. The first winter in America was terrible for Bradford, almost half of the colonists died. Bradford's greatest accomplishment wasintroducing a system of privitized production with certain sizes of land given to each family, this helped prevent famine. William Bradford died on May 9th 1657, he was and is an American
hero.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_(1590-1657)
- Native people worshipped an all-powerful, all-knowing, creator or “master spirit.”
- They also venerated or placated a host of lesser supernatural entities, including an evil, god who dealt out disaster, suffering, and death.
- Members of most tribes believed in the immortality of the human soul and afterlife.
- Individuals tried to woo or appease powerful spiritual entities with private prayers or sacrifices of valuable items.
- Indian religious beliefs resembled the early Catholic and Protestant religions of Europe.
- The name “Indian” was first applied to them by Christopher Columbus, who believed mistakenly that the mainland and islands of America were part of the Indies, in Asia.
- Diseases Europeans spread to the Indians were- small pox, influenza, measles, malaria, dipotheria, and typhoid fever.
- The Europeans wanted to conquer the new continent, so this led to the Indian Wars, and the Indian Removal Act.
- They created land treaties and treaties of friendship and mutual support with the Europeans.
- Indians gave the Europeans land in return for trade goods.
- Friendship agreements were renewed by annual gifts to the Indians.
- Land treaties required a one time payment.
- There was one friendship agreement is the covenant chain system with the British and the Iriquois confederacy which promised friendship in peace and support in times of conflict.
- American Indians viewed nature as a gift from the Gods which should always be treated with respect.
- Nature was believed to be filled with spirits.
www.msn.encarta.com
www.nationalhumanitiescenter.org
www.historyworld.net
John Winthrop
•John Winthrop was born in Groton, Suffolk, England in 1588.
•John went to Cambridge University where he studied law.
•Unfortunately, he was persecuted for his Puritan religious beliefs.
•He arrived in Massachusetts in 1630 aboard the flagship "Arbella".
•John was one of the founders of the colony.
•He became the governor of Massachusetts and served for twelve terms.
•But his life took turn for the worse; he clashed with Roger Williams and was banished from the colony.
•John Winthrop recognized the plans that Jesus Christ had for the New World which was to free the individual to act with free will.
•This idea was considered "A Model of Christian Charity"
•He died in 1649, at the age of 61
http://forerunner.com/forerunner/
X0526_Bios-_John_Winthrop.html
http://web.csustan.edu/english/
reuben/pal/chap1/winthrop.html
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.
uk/USAwinthrop.htm
Jonathan Edwards!
Source 1 : http://edwards.yale.edu/about-edwards/biography/
-Born into a puritan evalangical household on October 5,1703 in East Windsor Conneticut.
-He had 11 siblings. He was the fifth.
-His dad was a reverend.
-He learned of theology, the bible and also about Ancient languages in school.
-He went to Yale.
-He studied natural philosophy and metaphysics.
-He challenged the theory concerning the nature of reality and substance brought about by Hobbes and Descartes.
-He was the pastor of the church in North Hampton, which was the most influential church outside of Boston.
-He met Sarah Pierpoint in 1727, and they got married and had 11 children together (three sons and eight daughters) in North Hampton.
-He was the director of some of the first signs of The Great Awakening, starting in 1734.
-He gained international recognition as a religious revivalist and “theologian of the heart.”
-He wrote a book, A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God. --That story served as a model for both British and American revivalists.
Source 2 : Http://etcweb.princeton.edu/CampusWWW.Companion/edwards_jonathan.html
-He was 55 when he died in 1758 following a fever that he’d gotten -from an inoculation of a vaccine for small pox.
-His death was 5 days after his son-in-law Aaron Burr.
-He was elected president of Princeton on September 29, one year before his death.
http://edwards.yale.edu/major-works/sinners-in-the-hands-of-an-angry-god/
- He was most famous for his sermon “Sinners in the hands of an angry God,” which was preached to the congregation in church of Engfield Massachusets.
- This sermon, to many people represents the bleak, cruel, and ‘hell-bent’ outlook that Edwards had on life.
- This sermon was aimed at a particularly hard-hearted congregation, and was meant t strike fear into their hearts while describing the infinite wrath of a holy God, and the unexpectedness of when he would make his final judgement.
- In this sermon he used metaphors. He gave the congregation pictures of God holding them up above the fire in Hell. He used a specific metaphor that related the wrath of God to a bow being held and drawn over the hearts of sinners.
-He made a list of resolutions which he was “to look over once a week.”
-Some of these resolutions included things like not seeking revenge, to live with “all his might,” never do something he was afraid to do, and many other things that he felt would please God.
- There were seventy of these resolutions.
Dissenters in the Puritan Colonies
1. Roger Williams
a.born into a Puritan family in Enlgand in 1603
b.Educated at Sutton’s Hospital and at the
University of Cambridge, Pembroke College.
c.Married Mary Barnard and had 6 kids in America
d.challenged Puritan ideals
-Believed that the colony was committing an illegal act since they didn’t pay the Indians for
the land, and that the civil government should not have a legal right to punish religious radicals.
-moved to Plymouth and was banished
2. Anne Hutchinson
a.born in england in 1591
b.her dad was a deacon
c. home-schooled
d. she was a religious leader
e.had 15 children and moved to America in 1634 because she thought it wold be a place of relgious freedom
f.was a extreme individualist
- threatened the social order of Puritans
-believed in the "inner light"
-beieved in the direct access to God which would deny all justification of the Church
-beliefs were destructive to the Massachusetts Bay Colony; they didnt know how to react to her
-her and her followers were banned from the community
-this shows how the orginal beliefs of religious freedom changed
3. Thomas Hooker
-born in England in 1586
-father was a yeoman
-attended grammar school
-went to Queens College and remained on at Emmanuel College
-set up a school and trained kids
-he was harassed and had to flee to America
-arrived in Massachusetts in 1633 where he served as a pastor
-wanted to build a godly community but believed all men had the right to have an opinion
-led one hundred people away to build a new settlement which is now Hartford, Connecticut
Salem Witch Trials
1.The Salem witchcraft trials began in the summer of 1692.
2.Puritans believed in witches and their ability to harm other people.
3.The Puritans defined witchcraft as entering into a compact with the devil in exchange for certain powers to do evil.
4.Witchcraft was considered a sin because it denied the superiority of God.
5.Witchcraft was a crime because the witch could call up the devil to perform cruel acts against others.
6.A “witch cake” is composed of rye meal mixed with urine from the afflicted. It is then fed to a dog. This person is considered bewitched if the dog displays similar symptoms as the afflicted.
7.Gallows Hill was the sight where the nineteen men and women that were condemned to death were hung.
8.One hundred fifty accused witches and wizards were taken into custody in the summer of 1692.
9.An accused person was examined by being told to recite the Lord’s Prayer without any mistakes. It was said that a wizard couldn’t recite the prayer flawlessly. Still, even when the test was passed, it was not enough to save their lives.
10.After the witch trials ended, crop failures and epidemics continued to haunt Salem for years. The Puritans believed that God was punishing them for hanging many innocent people. Because of this January 13, 1697 was declared a day of fasting and prayer for forgiveness.
www.salemwitchtrials.com/salemwitchcraft.html
http://:annettelamb.com/42explore/salemwitch.htm
www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/salemprocedure.HTM
Native American Names
•27 American states came form Native American names
-Milwaukee (Wisconsin): Algonquian, believed to mean "a good spot or place."
-Indiana: meaning "land of Indians."
-Minnesota: from a Dakota Indian word meaning "sky-tinted water."
-Iowa: probably from an Indian word meaning "this is the place" or "the Beautiful Land."
-Connecticut: from an Indian word (Quinnehtukqut) meaning "beside the long tidal river."
-Manhattan (New York): Algonquian, believed to mean "isolated thing in water."
-The name of Kentucky comes from an Iroquoian word (Kentahten), which means "land of tomorrow."
•Native Americans used some words from Russian, and French languages
•Also a lot of English words came from Indian origins
-Bayou-Choctaw “bayuk”
-Chipmunk-red squirrel
-Igloo-house
-Hickory
-Moccasin
-Moose
•Cities
-Savannah-grassy plain
-Milwaukee-rich land
-Chicago-wild onions
-Miami-Tribe: Cry of the Crane
•Some American names are Native American
-Wenonah
-Ayianna
•Native Americans used names in order to classify a man or woman’s actions and life-sometimes given more than one name
•Names were proof of what they stood for and what they believed in
http://www.infoplease.com/spot/aihmwords1.html
http://www.native-languages.org/composition/native-american-names.html
http://www.infoplease.com/spot/aihmnames1.html
http://www.babynameworld.com/indian.asp
==> Settled in 1633
==> Originally called the Middle Plantations, it received its name Williamsburg in 1699
==> Between the York and James River as a defense against the Indians
==> Named Williamsburg in honor of King William III of England
==> College of William and Mary built there – second oldest college in the country
==> Planned by Governor Nicholas
==> The center of education, religion, and politics, with the college, church, and capitol serving as key landmarks
==> In Williamsburg at the time “dress” meant formal clothing and “undress” meant informal clothing.
==> Many plantations – many slaves
==> By 1680 the majority of the colony’s population was native born
==> Today more than 500 18th-century buildings have been restored and rebuilt.
==> Literate adults – women 50% men – 66%
==> Average age at death – Women – 42 & Men – 45
==> Williamsburg used to be the capitol of Virginia, then moved to Richmond
==> Law mandated Virginia worship in the Anglican Church
==> During the 18th century, half of Williamsburg population was black
==> Jobs included: Apothecary, basket maker, blacksmith, brick maker, cabinet maker, carpenter, cooper, food-ways, founder, gunsmith, wigmaker, wheelwright, weaver, tailor, silversmith, shoemaker, saddler, rural trades, printer and binder, milliner.
==> The statehouse was burned four times
Sources -
http://www.americanparknetwork.com/parkinfo/cw/history/
http://www.williamsburg.com/history.cfm?subcategoryID=136&newUserLocation=1
http://www,history.org/Almanack/life/trades/tradehdr.cfm
Brian O’Hanlon and Maggie Campbell
• Because of the great awakening and the increase of numbers and diversity would ultimately lead to the end of Puritanism.
• They believed in the end that the antichrist was coming to destroy earth.
• Because of the strict governing of their own and the novel the scarlet letter, Puritanism began to decline in influence.
• Because the puritan faith was accepted by the Presbyterians and condemned by most everything else, most just converted to Presbyterians.
• Because of the expansion that America was achieving, the puritan religion, being a close society, could not keep up with other religions that included more diverse immigrants.
• The great awakening encouraged individualism, which caused the end of communal groups of puritans.
Sites used:
http://www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/essays/cot/t4w20puritans.htm
http://mb-soft.com/believe/txc/puritani.htm
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0018-246X(198203)25%3A1%3C197%3ATEOAEC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3
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