BLUE class-colonial America webnotes
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25 lines or 200 words minimum.
Look through web sites. Find information on your topic. Rewrite that information in your own words. DO NOT copy and paste directly from web sites. Look for information that is original, different, interesting, or still relevant today. List your sources (you must visit at least three sites, even if you didn't use all three sites in your comments). You may visit Wikipedia as a launching point, but you cannot use it as a listed source.
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posted by JTF @ 10:19 AM
14 comments
14 Comments:
Thomas hooker
Born in 1586, died in 1647
Founder of the state of Connecticut
Born to puritan parents in the county of leicesteshire
Went to queens college first, then was later given a scholarship to Emmanuel College.
Went to Chelmsford to be a lecturer. It was more of a drunken town, but under the preaching of hooker, the town was changed for the better.
Hooker challeneged the faith of the Christian church, and was ejected from his position by the ministers.
Hooker set up a school in a nearby village. But Archbishop laud harassed him so much he had to leave the country.
Went to Holland, but then went to the new world, Massachusetts, in 1633.
He led 100 people away to start a new settlement, Hartford, Connecticut.
It put Hooker’s principal into practice.
Anne Hutchinson
Was born Anne Marbury, In alford, Lincolnshire, England, in July, 1591
At 21 anne married will Hutchinson.
When John cotton went to the puritan colonies, Will, Anne, and there 15 children soon followed suit, and went to the Americas.
Anne had high hopes for the colony.
Did not follow the bible very strictly.
Believed all that was needed to go to heaven was faith
Church didn’t like her views because it didn’t give them the power to rule the people.
She is believed to be one of the great and important women in women’s rights.
http://www.annehutchinson.com/anne_hutchinson_biography_001.htm
http://www.britannia.com/bios/hooker.html
and
http://www.intoutreach.org/hooker.html
-The Puritan man was the most important in the house. He had the ability to control his wife and had all the authority in the house. He was also in charge of providing for the family, and teaching them about the Puritan way of life.
-Many of the men were usually ministers, but they could also be of a different profession.
-The Puritan woman was the contributor of the family. She tended to the garden, managed the household, and took care of the children. She also weaved and mended clothes, and bought the necessary items to live.
-Women were very restricted. They could not vote or question the church doctrine. They were only limited to their female duties and had a measure of legal protection
-Puritan children led a very restricted life. They were allowed no toys or games, as they were thought to be sinful. They could not even show emotion, such as excitement or fear, or they would be punished
-The children were disciplined with no mercy and were not encouraged to pursue their dreams
-Parents had no remorse for children if they died
-Puritan children were often raised by impotent surrogate parents
-The children received their education from inside the house. They read from Bibles or books that described what would happen to them if they misbehaved.
-The children led bleak a childhood, which usually didn't last too long
http://www.geocities.com/stefaniandlouisa/photo.htm
http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/salemwitchtrials/life/children.html
http://www.upne.com/1-55553-445-7.html
http://employees.oneonta.edu/richards/family%20history/Puritan%20family.ppt
John Withrop
I. Early Life
A. Born
1. January 22, 1588
2. Edwardston, Suffolk England
B. Home Life
1. Groton manor Bought by his grandfather in 1544
2. Lived with mother and father, Adam Winthrop.
II. Middle Life
A. College
1. Trinity College in Cambridge
a. December 18, 1602
b. Spent over two years there
c. Ended with the marriage of Mary Forth
B. Wives
1. First wife died at an early age.
2. Second was Anne Browne
a. Had a son
b. She died a year after son was born.
3. Married Mary Forth
a. Winthrop received land from Forth’s father due to marriage.
C. Puritanism
1. Def – A religious belief that wanted to, “purify,” or simplify the English church.
2. Puritanism took hold at 30
3. Wanted to go to America to reform the English church.
III. American Life
A. Came over on a ship with many Puritans
1. Ship- Arbella
B. Was chosen Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony
1. Ideas as governor was to be the “city on a hill”
a. Being a city on a hill meant that everyone could see them and would follow their colonies plan
b. They were God’s providence
2. Manifest Destiny
a. Def – American notion to grow across the continent from ocean to ocean.
b. Wanted to reform England’s churches
c. Moving to American would create a fresh start and spread all over the continent and back to Europe.
3. Took care of Colony
a. Used his own money to provide food for colony for winter
b. Dealt with Indian problems
4. Banished Anne Hutchinson
5. Died on March 26, 1649 while still in office
IV. Winthrop’s Journal
1. 2 parts
a. Part one – about adventures to New England
b. Part two – Warning to the people about punishments from God
2. Praised then and is still viewed as great today
V. Websites Used
1. www.spartacus.schooltnet.co.uk/USAwinthrop.htm
2. www.virtualology.com/johnwinthrop.com
3. www.bartelby.org/65/wi/WithrpJ1.html
4. web.csustan.edu/english/reuban/pat/Chap1/winthrop.html
Salem, Massachusetts was settled in 1629.
Salem’s name came from Hebrew word shalom.
Roger Conant was one of the prominent settlers of Puritans.
Shortly after settlement laws where passed that made witchcraft an illegal act.
Most historians agree that the trials were a result of religious unrest.
The first three people to be arrested where accused of hurting Betty Paris and Abigail Williams. After an argument with the accused Betty exhibited strange behavior. After tedious prayer ceremonies and interrogations the two afflicted women blamed Tituba, Betty’s Indian slave and two other women.
Although there were other women that were arrested, Sarah Good and Sarah Osbourne maintained their innocence. Tituba on the other hand admitted to seeing the devil. She later admitted to practicing witchcraft. She was the first to be accused of witchcraft, on March 1.
Others that were later accused include Martha Corey, Rebecca Nurse Elizabeth Proctor, Sarah Cloyce, Abigail Hobbs, Bridget Bishop, Giles Corey, Mary Warren, Nehemiah Abbott, and George Burroughs.
Twenty-four people were executed along with two dogs. Nineteen of them where hanged. One of the offenders was crushed by a rock. And the last four died in prison.
After some time they reconsidered their accusations and reformed into a new court and law system in which there was no room for such a large amount of trial errors. Eventually the names of the accused where restored and they regained their innocence. And the Salem officials apologized for there huge lapse in judgment.
http://www.salemweb.com/memorial/
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/ASAL_CH.HTM
http://www.salem.org/17th_Century.asp
The Puritan Theocracy---------
-The unification of the church and state defined this religion. They were a theocracy, which is a civilization ran by a divine religion. Some Puritans were in favor of separating from the English church. The English church was ran my King James I at the time.
- A puritan does not want to change the church itself, they just want to change certain characteristics of the church.
- -Usually the church and the state are separated because political and legal doctrine keeps it so. This is like so because they want to avoid any contact between the two parties in any type of debate.
- The American Civil liberties union attempted to physically rip a picture revolving around the puritan religion off of a church’s wall. After coming across courts the picture was allowed to remain on the church’s wall. This debate has yet to be solved up to this day.
- President Bush was getting courted because he used to phrase “under god” in one of his recent pledges. The puritan society was angered by this.
simr02.si.ehu.es/FileRoom/ documents/Cases/69puritanTheocracy.html
www.mises.org/web/2679
www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/amrelig_puritan.html
Kyle Podgajny and Sean Dolan
*If you look around the country you will see countless contributions from native Americans.
* Indian religion resembled the early Catholic religion in Europe.
* The name Indian was given to native Americans by Christorpher Columbus who thought he was in India.
* Europeans brought many deiseas with them like small pox, influenza.
* The Europeans wanted to conquer the new continent, so this led the Indian Removal Act.
* They created land treaties and friendship treaties.
* The name Indian was first applied to them by Christopher Columbus, who believed mistakenly that the mainland and islands of America were part of the Indies.
* Individuals tried to woo or appease powerful spiritual entities with private prayers or sacrifices of valuable items.
* Indians gave the Europeans land in return for trade goods.
* Members of most tribes believed in the immortality of the human soul and afterlife.
* Friendship agreements were renewed by annual gifts to the Indians.
* Land treaties required a one time payment.
* There was one friendship agreement is the covenant chain system with the British and the Iriquois confederacy which promised friendship in peace and support in times of conflict.
* American Indians viewed nature as a gift from the Gods which should always be treated with respect.
* Nature was believed to be filled with spirits.
* The Battle of Wounded Knee would be the last battle between the U.s. Army and the native Americans
www.wikipedia.com
www.britanica.com
www.thewildwest.org
Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia
• Was settled in 1633.
• Williamsburg was the political, cultural, and educational center of what was then the most populated and influential of all colonies for 81 years.
• Main leaders were George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, George Mason, and Peyton Randolph.
• Government in Virginia was moved up the peninsula for a safer and more central location because of Thomas Jefferson.
• The average marrying age for women was 22 and men 27.
• The average death age was 42 for women and 45 for men.
• The fundamental concept of our republic-responsible leadership, a sense of public service, our self-government, and individual liberty where made here.
• The main source of industry was tobacco.
• Named in honor of King William III.
• King William and Queen Mary established the College of William and Mary in 1693.
• The primary guardians of family religious life were white women.
• A law was mandated for the Virginians to worship in the Anglican Church.
• In 1705, the first Capitol building in America was built at the end of the Duke of Gloucester Street.
• Virginians were not tolerant of non-Christian religions.
• Williamsburg used to be the capitol of Virginia, but then moved to Richmond.
Citations
http://www.americanparknetwork.com/parkinfo/cw/history/
http://www.williamsburg.com/history.cfm?
http://www.history.org/Almanack/life/tools/tlhdr.cfm
www.colonialwilliamsburg.com
Jon Dombroski and Josh Hynson
-There were many functions of the Puritan family.
-One of the functions for the parents was to make food, clothing, and furniture. They also taught their children how to read, and to worship.
-One job that a typical Puritan family had to do was care for each other when they were sick or old. The Puritans viewed family government and family worship, as a duty of the Christian head of a household.
-The household included servants, as well as a wife and children.
-The Puritans believed that the world was created for man, and man was created for God. Adult men were the superiority in a Puritan society.
-The husband and the wife of a Puritan family had to undergo some steps before they got married. They first had to make a contract, than announce the contract, carry out the contract in church, a celebration, and sexual intercourse.
-The women in a Puritan society were not permitted to vote. They could not question the church doctrine. The women raised children completely different than parents would raise a child today. -The children were supposed to be obedient and were sometimes sent away to live wit other families. Authority and obedience characterized the relationship between Puritan parents and their children.
1.employees.oneonta.edu/richards/family%20history/Puritan%20family.ppt
2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritan
3.http://www.graceonlinelibrary.org/articles/full.asp?id=49%7C57%7C781
Evan Slimak and Joshua Schimmel
1.Many Americans don’t know that a major reason for coming to America was because the pilgrims thought that the Dutch culture was a bad influence on the children.
2.Samuel Hartlib had the general idea to have free education for people. He wanted schools to give people better social skills. Some of his ideas were agricultural schools and for the state to organize an educational system.
3.In 1635 the puritans established the first free school Roxbury Latin School. Their motivation was mainly from religion Then four years later the Massachusetts legislature established the first American college Harvard in Cambridge. It was named John Harvard gave the school a large potion of his land amounting to about 4000$ back than for this they decided to name the school in his honor. It is the oldest college in the U.S
4.John Milton, an English poet, proposed to build an academy that that would take the spot of a college and a high school.
5.John Cotton, a reverend from England who established the first public school in America.
6. In 1647 General court of Massachusetts stated that every town that has fifty or more families must have a common school.
7. The puritans were so strict about education that every puritan, even the women, had to be educated to some degree.
http://www.usgennet.org/usa/topic/colonial/book/chap10_3.html
www.britannica.com
www.nd.edu
www.helium.com
Jonathon Edwards
Source 1: http://edwards.yale.edu/about-edwards /biography
Source 2: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/edwards
- born in October 5, 1703
- Jonathan died March 22, 1758.
- lived in East Windsor, Connecticut
- he graduated Yale College in 1722
- his father, Timothy was a reverend
- he became a pastor in 1726 of a church in North Hampton, Massachusetts.
- Jonathon wrote about natural philosophy and metaphysics
- he married Sarah Pierpont in 1727. They met eight years earlier in New Haven.
- Sarah and Jonathan had ten children
- The national “revivals” during the Great Awakening in the 1730’s and 1740’s were a very important time for Jonathan Edward’s writings.
- He became a famous revivalist and “theologian of the heart” after writing A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising work of God
- He also wrote: The Distinguishing Marks of a Work of the Spirit of God, Some Thoughts Concerning the Present Revival, A Treatise Concerning Religious Affections, and The Life of David Brainerd.
- The sermon Edwards is most famous for, is the one he preached in Enfield, Massachusetts called Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.
- Sinners represents Edward’s view of the relationship between God and human kind.
- - In the Sinner’s sermon Edwards used many metaphors. He showed the congregation of Enfield, Massachusetts pictures of God holding them up above the fire in Hell.
- Puritans were more extreme Protestants who wanted to purify religion by getting rid of any catholic. They grew away from the Church of England; they worked to religious, moral and social reforms.
- Puritans believed in predestination, by John Calvin.
- Puritans went by the bible and they thought it was God’s true law, and that it gave a plan for living.
- The Puritans came to be in the 16th century.
- Puritans believed in the notion of Covenant of Grace, which is a contract that God had entered with the Elect by tolerating the sacrifice of his son in salvation of the sins of humanity.
- Queen Mary burned Christian leaders, thus causing the puritan movement.
- The Puritans wanted to confirm the national church to the word of God (through government, worship, and practice – Divine Providence.)
- Divine providence – everything is in the hands of God.
http://www.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/puritans.html
http://mb-xoft.com/believe/txc/puritinism
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/providencedivine/
http://www.puritansermons.com/banner/hulse1.htm
William Bradford: born March 19, 1590 in Austerfield, Yorkshire, England
• Parents died when he was young; never resided long with relatives
• Attended first church service when he was 12
• Pastor Robinson encouraged to make new start in America
• First wife: Dorothy May
o Married William December 10, 1613 in Amsterdam
o One son – John: was left in Holland
o Fell from Mayflower and drowned –accidental
• Second Wife: Alice (Carpenter) Southwood
o Married William August 14, 1623 in Plymouth
o Children: William, Mercy, and Joseph
• Governor of Plymouth
• Journal Of Plymouth Plantation:
o Divine Providence- will of God
• “if God wants it to happen, it will happen”
• Men thrown into sea, but saved by the will of God
<<< Squanto Story
>>Governor Bradford: one of Squanto’s best friends
>>on expidition to trade with Massachusetts Indians
>> Squanto caught Indian fever –nose bled
>>died there a few days later-Governor Bradford to pray for him to the Englishman’s God
o The First Thanksgiving
>>great harvest in October full of fruits, vegetables, meat, corn, and fish
>>Bradford thought they had so much to celebrate-new homes, enough crops and peace- offered thanksgiving
>>invited Indian friends
Sources:
http://www.holidays.net/thanksgiving/pilgrims.htm
www.pilgrimhall.org
http://neo.rr.com/12stark/12smith/Netpages/Puritans/bancroft.html
http://members.aol.com/calebj/squanto.html
http://members.aol.com/calebj/bradford.html
Importance of Puritans in America Today
-Puritans are very important in America today.
-The Puritans believed in something called blue laws. A blue law is a law that restricts activities or sales of goods on Sunday, because Sunday is the Sabbath.
-The first blue law in the American colonies was enforced in 1617. It required church attendance and authorized the militia to force colonists to attend church services.
-Early blue laws prohibited work, travel, recreation, and daily activities. If everyone followed the blue laws in the 21st century, it would be very hard to get anything done on Sundays.
-Today’s Puritans are just as emotional about they’re beliefs as they were in the 1600s. The Puritans in America today are also very effective politically.
-The Puritans are taken very seriously in the topic of religion, as they have been a very prosperous in the past. The Puritans believe that they, and God, are being separated from the religious world due to all the other religions.
-The Puritans today believe in something called the religious right. The religious right is that the Puritans have to right to worship whoever they want, in any way they want.
-The Puritans today are religious activists.
-Some people are still strict Puritans, following every rule of the blue book. Most Puritans just follow some of the blue book, but they still keep the Puritan religion and pride.
-We think that Puritans are most like the Amish community, as both groups live a simplistic, easy life.
http://www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/controversies/1095380608.html
http://www.answers.com/topic/blue-law?cat=biz-fin
http://www.mass.gov/dos/bluelaw/index.htm
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