SOPHS Journal #4 due Thursday, Oct. 18: The Puritan Legacy: Blue Laws and Honor Codes
In 1723, Jonathan Edwards wrote seventy resolutions for personal growth that he reviewed once per week.
Here are two resolutions that I'd like you to examine:
Resolved, never to speak anything that is ridiculous, sportive, or matter of laughter on the Lord's day.
Resolved, never to speak evil of anyone, so that it shall tend to his dishonor, more or less, upon no account except for some real good.
Puritans kept the Sabbath, the Lord's day, holy. This meant not only attending services and suspending the daily workload, but also, in some communities, observing a more strict code of conduct that forbade activities like dancing. Some of these laws remain on the books today --they're known as Blue Laws, laws that essentially legislate old-fashioned religious beliefs.
Puritans also believed in public censure, publicly and formally naming, condemning, and sometimes banishing sinners and criminals. So it was perfectly fine "to speak evil of someone" if "some real good" would come from it--like the discovery of a cattle thief, a cheater, or even a witch. Some schools, mostly religious and service academies (like Brigham Young University and West Point), have honor codes, where the entire school community is in charge of policing virtues like honesty and chastity. What you might call "snitching" might be considered a moral duty to keeping the community clean.
Respond to one of these three prompts:
1. Research blue laws and/or honor codes to find where they are still present today. Even better would be to find recent news articles where these legacies of Puritanism have been tested (hint: try Google News). Write a synopsis of your research.
2. Discuss the pros and cons of any one blue law or honor code that you have found through research.
3. If you're a man or woman more interested in providing solutions than in researching problems, then, as an alternative assignment, tell me how you think an honor code (one that promotes academic integrity and NOT stealing) might (or might not) work at St. Mark's. Got integrity, anyone?
posted by JTF @ 7:13 PM
45 comments
45 Comments:
If an honor code, or blue law, per say, were to be established at St. Mark’s, that enforced the actions of integrity in academics as opposed to dishonesty, I feel it would be very beneficial.
Cheating on a test or quiz only hurts the culprit, however I am not sure how many students actually understand that concept. If an integrity honor code were initiated at St. Mark’s, it would help improve students’ moral compass as well as knowledge. This policy would encourage the intolerance of cheating and if enforced enough, could possibly terminate dishonest works for the large majority. Every group has its few that simply cannot obey the law or just refuse to altogether. For example, Pfc. William T. Santiago, from the movie A Few Good Men, could not hack it even in an elite group such as the Marines. In all assemblages, there will always be some that possess poor character, however “some” does not have to mean many. I believe that with an honor code, the number of students that cheat on independent assignments at St. Mark’s could certainly be diminished. If the code were regarded highly in the school, then those who followed it would enforce it amongst fellow classmates. In my experience, if a peer, as opposed to an adult, implements a rule, it for some odd reason, is usually taken more seriously. Therefore, if students were openly exemplifying the honest way to complete schoolwork, as well as discouraging others from cheating, I feel a sort of second natured value would result. Overtime cheating may stop even being considered due to its obvious disadvantages and penalties. This being the case more honest as well as more knowledgeable and independent students would graduate from St. Mark’s and enter a world where people of sincere virtues have an advantage for success.
I truly believe that a blue law encouraging integrity in academics and the actions of students attending St. Mark’s would result in a decreased number of dishonest students and an increase in the amount of morally truthful pupils.
Blue laws are certain laws that were made to enforce certain religious beliefs. In colonial times, the Puritans had many blue laws. In modern times blue laws are still present. In the United States there are still blue laws that prohibit the sale of alcohol on Sunday. The city of East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana is trying to change the blue laws on alcohol sales on Sunday. Councilwoman Allison Gary is leading this charge. Her bill says that alcohol retail stores could open at 6 a.m, and bars cannot sell alcohol before 11 a.m on Sundays like restaurants. Another ordinance brought forward by Councilman Addison wants to allow bars to open until 4 a.m on Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays, instead of closing at 2 a.m. These attempted changes to the blue laws are not going unopposed. Councilman Addison’s ordinance was opposed by Bret Blackmon. Blackmon tries to address substance abuse with the University. He said that extended hours leads to more alcohol related incidents. Former Baker Mayor Pete Heine opposes Councilwoman’s proposed bill. He claims that these changes will allow people to drink too much. Owners of bars and restaurants are in favor of this bill and it will add three percent to how much they can sell over the week.
Blue laws are laws prohibiting certain activities on Sundays. In Massachusetts, there are still a few blue laws today. They are enforced by the Attorney General’s Division of Fair Labor Division. One of the laws was that business owners need permits to open on Columbus and Veterans Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas Day. An honor code is a set of rules or principles governing a community based on a set of rules or ideas that define what constitutes honorable behavior within that community. Some issues addressed in honor codes are: cheating, plagiarism, fabrication, multiple submissions, misrepresentations, and unfair advantages. A lot of colleges, and maybe some high schools have honor codes. One of the biggest honor codes out there is the Cadet Honor Code. Both the United States Military Academy and the United States Air Force Academy have adopted the Cadet Honor Code. This code simply states, “A cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do.” This is really important because these people will go on to protect our country. We don’t want dishonest people or people that steal things protecting our country. Blue laws are kind of an old-fashioned Protestant thing that many people don’t live by today. Honor codes are very important things that help keep people honest and humble.
During the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, the Puritans wrote a series of blue laws to help dictate their lives. One blue law that I came across in my research was that of family relationships. The law enforced a stable home environment with a good relationship between the parents and making sure their children were properly educated. There are many pros and cons to this law. One of the pros I see in this law is a decrease in divorce rate. Unfortunately, in our world today, divorce rates are extremely high. People may get married for reasons other than a true loving relationship such as money, citizenship, or security. With these unhealthy relationships, people are more likely to become adulterous, greedy, and violent. If this blue law was still in place, people would be more inclined to marry the person they really love. They would be loyal and care for them, especially, because a whole community would be watching. Another pro to this law is that parents would have to be engaged in their children’s education. In this day and age, children sometimes do not attend school because their parents do not see the value in an education. Even though this is illegal, it does happen and is sadly ignored in some of the poorest communities in our county and world. All children are entitled to an education. With others in the community looking out for one another, there is a higher probability that they would receive an education. Parents also occasionally struggle with helping their children with their schoolwork. The blue law helped make sure that no child was left unaided even if it meant hiring a tutor. There are, however, some cons to this blue law. One con is that if someone is in a bad relationship, it would be very unfavorable for them to get a divorce. People change, sometimes not for the better, so if you were once in love with a good person who turned bad, you would be stuck with them according to this law. No one should ever be abused, disempowered, or disrespected by their partner. The blue law would make it very difficult to remove yourself from a relationship like that. Another con is that children will not learn as much independence with this blue law. If people are always making sure the child is educated, the child will never learn the responsibility of doing things on his own. Through education, students must be guided but yet pushed along their journey. This blue law may offer a little too much guiding and not enough pushing. This blue law and other blue laws like it may have greatly influenced our society, for better or worse, if they were still implemented today.
I think that the idea of an honor code at St. Mark’s is foolish. The school board must put themselves into the shoes of the students attending the school to understand how this would impact the St. Mark’s community. If they did that, they would realize that all students are different. Some students respect and follow every rule in the handbook, some students are unmoved by rules and regulations that are enforced, and other students go out of their way to rebel against school authority when new rules are put into effect. It’s far too difficult to institute an honor code at any high school because of the diversity among the entire student body. The institution of an honor code could potentially cause a great uproar in the school. This type of disorder and mayhem in the halls of St. Mark’s would not be safe for other students and faculty. Students nowadays just don’t respond to adult authority the way they used to. Everybody varies in what they believe is right and just as well as how they express those beliefs in harmless protest or violent rebellion. Others may even just keep their opinions to themselves, not wanting to cause commotion among the student body. With the personalities varying so greatly among students of the St. Mark’s community, it is not logical to think that you can force enough of them to respect and abide by this honor code. For these reasons, I think that it would be in the best interest of St. Mark’s to reject the idea of the institution of an honor code for the tranquility and safety of all the students and members of the faculty.
2. One blue law is restricting activities or sales on Sunday, the holy Sabbath day. There are many pros and cons to this blue law. Some pros, for example, are saving energy, electricity, and heat. Most stores would be closed, saving energy, electricity, and heat. If stores were closed then less people would need to drive to stores, saving gasoline and money. Sunday is a day of rest in which no physical work should be done. Another pro is that people can be free to spend time with their families and with God. Many families are busy during the week and don’t have a lot of time to spend with each other. Sundays would give quality time for families to be together. Sundays would also give people time to connect with God. Sunday sales of alcohol may reduce heavy drinking on Saturdays, therefore providing health benefits and possible decreasing alcohol-related traffic crashes. Some cons, for example, are if stores were closed on Sundays, people could do online shopping instead. This would give online stores an unfair advantage over regular shops. Closing stores on Sundays could also be considered a con because it decreases the job workforce and affects the economy.
#2
One very strict and well known honor code is Brigham Young University’s. Brigham Young University, also know as BYU, strictly enforces their honor code, which includes rules about their sex life, language, and much more. There can be great things about an honor code like this. If the students decide to follow this closely, the university will continue to have a good, honorable reputation. The school will be looked upon greatly, and many who are looking for college will think about BYU’s honor code. The honor code also helps provide a safe environment for the school, and it helps fewer accidents occur. Although there are many great things about this honor code, there can be some bad things as well. For example, with rules so strict students may easily break some of the rules. The dress code that is included in the honor code is very strict and hard to follow. Going to a catholic school, we know on dress down days how hard it is to follow strict dress code rules. Also, with honor code, it puts pressure on students to do the right thing and notify someone when another student breaks the honor code. In some cases, this may be your friend breaking the rules. It is hard to tell on your friends no matter what it is they did. An incident occurred a few years ago where a basketball player on the BYU national ranked team stepped down because he had sex with a female student, which breaks the honor code. This is a hard choice he had to make, and it affected his team that had worked so hard to get to where they were. There are many pros and cons about all honor codes. Overall, honor codes are sometimes needed and help to enforce rules very well. They can be very effective or very ineffective.
Integrity is a small word with a big impact. People can say that it means different things to different people, but in reality, they are only saying that because they don’t want to admit that integrity is pretty black and white. At St. Mark’s High School, I will admit that there is a fair amount of people who do not have integrity when doing their work. However, I do not think that a plan, such as the Blue Laws in the Puritan days, would be able to fix the problem. Cheating is called cheating for a reason. Students aren’t going to advertise that they are cheating because it looks bad on them, so they choose to be as sly as possible. Some people are not very good at cheating and are caught. Others, though, have probably been cheating for years and no one has ever noticed. So even if St. Mark’s faculty put in place a strict policy it would not end cheating, no matter how hard they tried. Someone would always be able to slide under the radar and steal answers from someone else. It is also human nature to try to prove people wrong, especially among teenagers. If someone got in front of the student body and said, “You cannot cheat. We will catch you. It is morally wrong, etc.,” then students would most likely try to prove him or her wrong by not getting caught. If you leave the situation alone, it may possibly diffuse it because if there is no fight against him, then why would he bother trying to do it? Teenagers are constantly trying to undermine authority, so if authority doesn’t give them the chance, then cheating might dwindle, and integrity may come about naturally. If it were my choice, I would remind the students that cheating to get good grades in high school is not going to help you in life. If you get into a great college because you cheated your way in, good luck to you because it is going to be impossible for you to live up to “your” standards because they were set by other people, not you. If you don’t have integrity in high school, you have to live with the consequences. If you don’t have integrity anytime, really, then you have to live with the consequences. Life is a series of choices. If you think that you have no other way except for cheating, fine; however, that night when you’re looking back on your day, the guilt will begin to eat at you until you can no longer take it. If you make good decisions, you won’t have guilt. Do the right thing. Have some integrity.
In Saint Mark’s, I believe an honor code would not work. The reason behind my statement is plain and simple: people don’t want to be perceived as a “snitch” or a “tattle-tale.” People want to remain in good relationships with their fellow classmates, and I guarantee you that people won’t risk those relationships by telling on their classmates for their neglect to uphold the pillar of integrity. Even if the administration tells the school community that you would not be viewed as a “snitch,” but rather viewed as a student carrying out his or her responsibility, it would not matter. Students would still view it as “betraying” a friend or taking advantage of a classmates trust. It’s also nice to think that through this honor code students will be made more afraid to cheat now that “everyone is watching;” however, the reality of the matter is that there will be students who will continue to cheat and those same students will strong-arm other classmates not to tell. I believe that no matter what rules we make about honor code or integrity, cheaters will be cheaters. When there’s a will, there’s a way, and if a student really wants to cheat and is determined to cheat, nothing will stop him or her from breaking their academic integrity. Also, when you put the power of telling on cheaters in the hands of someone who does not uphold academic integrity themselves, you’ve wasted you time. Cheaters won’t tell on fellow cheaters for fear of someone telling on them. And, most of the people looking around during the time of a test, quiz, or exam are the cheaters themselves. No matter what a school does or says, cheaters will be cheaters, plainly and simply put.
The U.S. Military Academy at West Point's has a Cadet Honor Code that reads, "A cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do." I believe that this honor code is one of the main reasons why the U.S. Military Academy is such a successful institution. I think that an honor code would serve St. Mark’s well. By having an honor code, I think that the students at St. Mark’s would be more interested in what occurs inside the school. People would instead of feeling as they are “tattling” on people when they do wrong would feel as they are helping the school community. I think that by having the students sign an honor code, not only would they have to abide by those rules, but they would also be held accountable for their actions. By enforcing the honor code, I feel that the school community would be a better all-around environment for everyone in it. The main thing that I think that this honor code would do would be hold people responsible for their actions and make everyone in the school feel more disciplined. Now, I am not saying that St. Mark’s needs to become a model of the U.S. Military Academy. But looking at the success of that institution, we could use at least the honor code. I do not think that what is contained in the honor code would be difficult to abide by. This honor code would also help promote academic integrity. Most students should know that lying, cheating, and stealing is wrong, but by having the students sign the code I believe that there would be none of that in the community. Now some might say that having an honor code to have academic integrity may be a bit much, but I know that lying, cheating, and stealing occurs in the community. By having this code it would enforce how serious of a matter academic integrity is and how it will not be tolerated in the St. Mark’s community. This code would not at all harm the St. Mark’s community, but only make it better.
2. One of the most common blue laws is the prohibition of businesses being open on Sundays. I agree and disagree with this law for many reasons. One major reason for why I agree with this law is that we should devote our Sundays to God by going to Church and paying our respects to him by praying and reading Sacred Scripture. Without businesses being open, we can really focus on our prayers without having the distractions of running errands in the back of our minds.
The cons for this law are many. One being that not having businesses open is a huge inconvenience. Sunday is usually the day when consumers are rushing around buying their groceries for the week. Personally, Sundays are the days in my family when a lot of errands are run. It would be very inconvenient if we could not be able to run to Happy Harry’s to pick up toilet paper or tissues when we are in dire need of them.
Today, I only know of one restaurant chain that still obeys this blue law. This very popular chain is Chik-Fil-A. This chain is owned by a very religious family and they still abide by the blue law to keep the Sabbath holy. This, I believe, is a bad decision on the owner’s part. They will loose a lot of business by not being open on this day and consumers will be disappointed as well. This restaurant is very popular in the Christiana Mall food court and I know that hungry shoppers are upset when they realize that Chik-Fil-A is closed. This is just my opinion and how I feel when I am not able to get a meal from one of my favorite fast food restaurants.
Although blue laws were first created by the early Puritan settlers of America, they are still in effect in some places around the country. In Texas, it is illegal to sell alcohol on Sunday until midday. This law can be found in other places around the country, also. In some places, businesses (excluding drug and grocery stores) are closed on Sundays. In Roanoke, Virginia, it is against the law to give someone of the opposite sex a massage. Doctors and beauticians are exceptions to this rule. Some blue laws have even been recently added to the law books. The prohibition of cigarette advertising on television is one new addition. Similar to blue laws, honor codes are sets of rules governing communities that depend on the honorable actions of members of the community. The first school to have an honor code was William and Mary. These codes can be found in many schools across the country today; the most notable can be found at the U.S. Military, Coast Guard, Air Force, and Marine, and Naval Acadmies.
Blue laws are laws designed to regulate public activities, particularly on Sundays. These were strictly enforced in colonial New England, and violators of these laws were made the target of public ridicule. Many of these personal conduct laws were no longer enforced by the American Revolution. The blue laws then underwent a revival around the start of the twentieth century. One example of this is the nationwide prohibition movement. Prohibition is the legal act of prohibiting the manufacture, transportation, and the sale of alcohol and alcoholic beverages. People living at the time of this act were used to living freely, a lifestyle that was now being threatened in a widespread temperance movement. Prohibition was highly unpopular and forced most people to find ways of obtaining alcohol illegally and opening secret bars. The government originally saw this act as a way to bring people back to self control. What they did not realize is that there would be many more cons than pros. This law encouraged people to bootleg liquor, or illegally produce and sell it. Law enforcement could not keep up with these bootleggers and faced more important problems. Along with Prohibition came a rise in gang violence and other crimes. This eventually led to the act being repealed by the end of 1933. I think people should only be governed on behavior that is destructive to others or property. People should have the right to live how they want to as long as they are not harming anyone or anything else in doing so.
One Blue law that is still in effect in Connecticut is the law prohibiting the sale of alcohol on Sundays. This is good because it means that there will be less people drunk out on Sunday but it also means that if someone works 6 days a week and Sunday is their day off that they can never buy alcohol themselves because of the blue law. The people for the blue law also argue that one of its pros is that the owners of the liquor shops get time off on Sunday and removing the blue law would make the owners not only give up their free time, but also raise their overhead, because they would have to pay someone to staff it on Sundays. The people against it say that among other things, blue laws are simply outdated and that since most grocery stores which sell alcohol are open on Sundays the law is irrelevant. The opponents of the law even have a counter for the statement that says it keeps people from getting drunk on Sunday. they say since you can't drive to the store to pick up a six pack and drink it safely at home, it is encouraging people to go to the bar, drink, and then drive home drunk. While both sides could argue back and forth forever, what is important is if the pros of the law outweigh the cons or vice-versa. While it seems that the people against it have a stronger argument, personally, I support the law. To me it seems that all the cons of the law are just matters of convenience. You could always just buy your liquor on Saturday or sometime during the week or just have someone else do it. Is being able to buy liquor on Sunday really that much of a priority to these people? Intact if they are really desperate they can just drive to another state with no Blue Laws in effect. At the end of the day it doesn't really matter either way. The people will learn to get over it, or the owner of the liquor store will make the money back because of the extra hours the store is open. That's my two cents.
During the age of the Puritanism during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries in New England, many colonists believed in the “Blue Laws”, or laws that restricted certain activities on the Sabbath. They punished any leisurely activities that the colonists took part in because it was a day set aside for rest and church services. Although many of these laws were harsh and extreme, some still exist today. Today, a very common and controversial law that is still in effect in Massachusetts and recognized in many other states is one that prohibits businesses from requiring employees to work on Sundays; businesses that do require employees to work a certain number of hours must pay overtime (Finer “Old Laws Are Hitting a Red Light). There are many citizens who believe that the Puritans were right to enforce this law because it gives the employees the freedom to attend Church services on Sundays. The Puritans also supported the idea of suspending daily labor in order to rest on the Sabbath, which also gave the workers time for family and friends. In today’s society, Sunday has evolved into the one day out of the week when people relax, watch the usual football game, or attend the weekly Sunday night family dinner. In contrast, there are also disadvantages to this law. Because of our country’s struggling economy, many people need to work all seven days of the week in order to make enough money to support themselves. However, many if these people are devout Christians who also believe in the attendance of Church services. If this law was altered and it was completely illegal for employees to work on Sundays, then these struggling people would be able to attend church without having to make a decision of whether or not to work.
Though blue laws are mostly associated with Puritanism, there are still forms of them at work today. One example is in the works right now in Baton Rouge Parish in Louisiana. As of right now, the selling of alcohol is illegal on Sundays, which is a form of a blue law that can be traced to the time of the Puritans in New England. However, this law is being challenged, so bars can operate on Sundays, beginning at 11 in the morning, just like any other day of the week. The vote on whether or not to amend the law was recently delayed. Supporters of the change argue that allowing the selling of alcohol on Sundays will boost the economy as well as improve tourism. The opponents argues that if the law is changed, there will be an increase in the crime rate. Although the law against alcohol is being challenged, it is still proof that blue laws still exist today. A form of blue laws, or honor codes, also are present in many colleges. Implemented in 1842, the University of Virginia has the oldest honor code upheld by its students in the nation. It promotes academic as well as personal integrity and trust among students. The University of Virginia is just one of the many colleges throughout the nation that uses an honor code, and the origins of the it can be linked to the blue laws of Puritan New England.
An honor code is a code which governs behavior within a specific community and typically dictates specific behaviors which are not acceptable. Honor codes are designed to instill basic honorable principles. Academic honor codes are a major part of life at colleges and universities across the United States. Although each college has its own way of preventing and dealing with cheating whether it be judicial committees, fundamental standards, or peer juries, most incorporate some sort of honor system. The honor code is a statement addressing issues such as cheating, stealing, and misrepresentation. Under the honor code, students are required to turn in other students who are violating the code. Some examples of colleges that apply the honor code are The College of William and Mary, Princeton University, Vanderbilt University, and James Madison University. Another place where the honor code is used greatly is The United States Military. The honor code is the backbone of the U.S. military. As shown in the picture above there is a monument at West Point Military Academy stating, “A cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do”. The honor code in such military schools is a formalized statement of the minimum standard of ethics expected of cadets. The honor code is still used in many different ways in our world today.
1. The Puritan idea of having Blue laws is unfortunately something our society doesn’t really think about anymore. A blue law is pretty much an honor code that everyone follows. With the technology and resources we have today honor codes are needed in many aspects of society including academic integrity. Through computers and cell phones, with just a click of a button we have access to more information then we will ever need. In many colleges today blue laws/honor codes still exist. There can also be other types of honor codes. The Puritans, Jonathan Edwards in particular, had and honor code that one would keep the Sabbath holy and devote that day to the Lord. This idea is a topic that has come up recently in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. In Baton Rouge, Louisiana there is a law restricting the sale of alcohol on Sunday, the Sabbath, for religious reasons. The East Baton Rouge Parish is responsible for creating the law. Recently there has been argument that it would be more beneficial to the economy of the town if this law were changed. It would boost local economy and tourism. The argument is being fought on both sides and has not yet reached a decision. We don’t normally hear about them, but this proves that these codes still exist in many places to this day continuing on the puritan legacy.
Adding an honor code to St. Mark’s would be futile unlike the blue laws in the Puritan society. Similar to a blue law, the honor code for St. Mark’s would compel students to uphold from cheating, stealing, and verbal and physical abuse. In theory an honor code could be added and potentially followed, but school wide participation would be doubtful. A dramatic change would not be completely accepted by such a diverse school like St. Mark’s. People of all different races, religions, and customs create the heterogeneous body of people at the high school, and because of this variety, not everyone would fully value and support the honor code. It may be of no importance to them because of their personal upbringing, or they may have no interest. The Puritans shared common ethics and goals, and although high school students all have the goal of success, they may have varying principles that they esteem. One may argue that with strict enforcement such a code may be effective, but with the elevating number of students, cheating, stealing, and other components prohibited in the code are inevitable. Although all students should not do any of these unfavorable actions, things do happen, and not even a highly enforced honor code could unconditionally guarantee that these issues would stop.
Through my research, I found one blue law from a long time ago, most likely the 1600s. The law stated that there could be no sales on Sunday and there could be no work of any kind, which included cooking, cleaning, or even shaving and cutting hair. Though part of the law may be a bit ridiculous, such as no cooking or cleaning, there are still some pros to it. The law would allow one to spend more time with his family on Sunday, because he would not have the distractions of work to get in his way. One could spend time with his family by going to Church and praising God. The prohibition of sales would create less of a distraction for people, and allow them to spend time with their friends and loved ones. The cons to this law would be the inability to cook on Sunday. Families would have to make all of their meals on Saturday, and wouldn’t be able to cook any extra food on Sunday. The household might also get a bit smelly as family members weren’t able to shave, cut their hair, or even bathe. The houses may also get dirty from all the meals and would have to be cleaned the next day, because the law prohibits cleaning, for it is work. The crumbs and smell could possibly draw insects or maybe even a wild animal to the house. This blue law was important during its time, but it had its share of faults.
One of the craziest blue laws is that you may not be idle. This means just napping, being lazy, or even sleeping in on the weekends is illegal and a sin. This blue law is a pro because it allows you to be more productive, getting more things done than someone who doesn’t follow this law (which tends to be almost everyone… who doesn’t like relaxing?). Being productive has a lot of perks, though, because it can make you have more quality work and get a better work ethic. The downside of this, though, is that never being able to relax can become very stressful. It’s like staying up late doing homework and there is nothing you would rather do than sleep. In my opinion, that’s one of the worst feelings I’ve ever experienced. For example, while I write this, I am dreading writing my next three mini-reports that may lead me to stay up until midnight or later. Another con of this blue law is that you can’t even sleep in on weekends. I take every opportunity that I can to get extra sleep, refueling for the next school day. It would also be hard to drag yourself around everywhere being so tired each and every day. Overall, this blue law might be a little too harsh, but the main idea of it is okay.
3. I believe that if every student at St.Mark’s committed their own time and effort into every assignment or test, our grand school could be that much better. Sometimes I see people copying each others work, which is not showing academic integrity. In the long run, both the copier and the supplier of the work are just making things more difficult than they need to be. The person copying the work is not learning anything by doing so. That person is just setting himself up to fail because when it is time for standardized tests, it will be close to impossible to copy someone. It’s also quite upsetting that a child’s parents are willing to send their son or daughter to a costly school and the child doesn’t even try to work hard. Cheating should not be accepted anywhere, especially at a Catholic school. True, St. Mark’s has kids with different types of religion attending, but we are all taught that is against God’s way to cheat. Along with cheating, stealing should never be carried out. We’ve learned at a young age that it is never the right thing to do. Sometimes things are stolen in the locker room, never to be found again. So yes I do think an honor code would work at St.Marks as long as it is reinforced. We are being prepared to enter the real world, where you can be arrested for stealing. If some people realized there are consequences for these actions now, then they will know better once they are in the working world.
When I first thought about an honor code being introduced at Saint Mark’s, I thought it would be a great thing. However, as I continued to think I realized that something like an honor code which relies on the students to maintain integrity regarding cheating and stealing would not at Saint Mark’s. A main reason for this is that an honor code relies on students who could be friends to tell on other students if he or she was cheating or stealing. Students would be faced with a choice, follow the honor code but be ridiculed or disregard the honor code to try to fit in. I think that mostly everyone will choose the second choice. The honor code also would not work due to the fact that students here are used to a certain way things work and I do not think that a big change like this would last too long without people ignoring it. However, if the honor code was implemented over a longer period of time, I think it might be possible for an honor code here at Saint Mark’s. Overall, I do not think that an honor code at Saint Mark’s would be successful because students would not allow themselves to tell on their friends. I think that an honor code would do more harm than help here at Saint Mark’s.
The Puritan blue law of respecting the Sabbath had many pros and cons. Under this law, Puritans halted all work on Sundays. There was no cleaning, trading, traveling, or meetings held besides mass, which Puritans attended for two hours in the morning and the afternoon. Some pros of this law were that more people attended mass and Puritans had more respect for the Sabbath. Another pro was that since Puritans abandoned all of their work, they spent more time with their families. They also got a nice break from their difficult everyday jobs. One con of this blue law was that business and productivity were completely halted for a day. Anything important involving farming, business, or household jobs would have to wait for the next day. Another con was that people would be disciplined harshly if they did not follow these rules. Puritans were very watchful of one another, and would certainly tell authorities if they saw someone disobeying the blue laws. This would cause Puritans to be very cautious on Sundays because they would have a sense that all of their actions were being monitored. The blue law that had Puritans halt work and attend long masses on Sundays had benefits for the Puritan Church, but disadvantages for Puritan businesses and people’s sense of privacy.
A Blue Law is a law that forbids acts such as consuming alcoholic beverages and dancing on Sundays. Many of the Blue Laws I researched were rather silly but there was one that really caught my eye. In North Carolina, it is legal to practice fortune telling, but only if you are an amateur. If a profit is made from fortune telling, it is considered a misdemeanor. A pro for this Blue Law is I think it is a good thing for people not to make money off of fortune telling because then there is a lesser chance that they are faking to con innocent and gullible people out of money. A con would be that without fortune tellers being paid, they may not be able to afford some of the glamorous aspects of that profession, like a small show with trinkets and gadgets.
I am conflicted in my opinion of whether an honor code would be successful or not at St. Mark’s. An honor code would be beneficial for the integrity of the students, but it may not be practical. It would certainly solve many cheating problems and generally eliminate wrongdoing in the St. Mark’s community. However, I do not believe that all students would be willing to follow the honor code. They may feel guilty for turning a fellow student in, especially if the student is also a friend. Students may also be concerned about the drama that may occur by turning in someone that they know. However, I would want to be honest and follow the rules of the honor code, because I would feel responsible to uphold it if I signed my name to such a promise. It would most likely have an effect on copying, cheating, and stealing because students may be more careful, thinking that others will turn them in. The honor code would be helpful to the school and beneficial to teachers and test results. Even if only some of the students decided to follow it, there would still be a positive result. It would help St. Marks more clearly demonstrate the pillar of integrity that holds up the school, and it would help us be a model to other schools because of the responsibility that our students would share.
Personally, I think that an honor code would never work in any kind of high school establishment. With so much focus on our future and the pressure of failing off of our teams make students willing to do anything to get a good grade. With no consequences and just our guilt, I think that many students would cheat any way they can even more than they already do. Every day in class I witness cheating going on during classes, before school copying homework, and people asking about tests that they took earlier. The simple fact is that we want to succeed in school and most of us are too lazy to take the time to study and do our work honestly and right. On the other hand, there are a small amount of students who do their work and truly think that cheating is wrong and take no parts of it. The only chance that this school has to be successful is to crack down on the students leaving no room for misbehaviors like cheating and stealing. I would even go as for to put fake cameras in the classrooms and cafeteria because just the fear of them being caught will keep the kids in line. I understand that this sounds absurd but fear does more than actually punishing kids. Trust and honor can only go so far with kids our age.
honestly do not think that an honor code of integrity would work at St.Marks. To start off, people aren’t honest. No matter how it is presented t, the concept of not cheating simply isn’t realistic for everyone. There are some people that will cheat no matter what. It doesn’t matter what a teacher says on their handout at the beginning of the year, or posters hanging in the classroom, or even an honor code. People will cheat! It is as simple as that. However, honestly I don’t know if students have a choice. Of course it is easy to say, “There is always a choice,” but for some there really isn’t. With sports and extracurriculars, it seems that there just isn’t enough time. If I said I studied hard at home for every test I had I would be lying. Not saying I cheat, but I end up studying during other classes. I’l admit I do homework during other classes. Students, especially high phase students, have a lot of pressure to succeed. I feel as if it is a situation where, you’ve got to do what you’ve got do. If that means doing homework and studying at lunch, during other classes, on the way to school, whatever you have to get it done. So integrity is all well and good, but I don’t look twice, or think any differently of a student if I know they are cheating. You’ve got to do, what you’ve got to do. So do I think an honor code would work? No. I don’t think it would change one thing.
The Cadet Honor Code:
“A cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do.”
The Cadet Honor Code has multiple pros in addition to cons. The Cadet Honor Code is used by both the United States Military Academy and the United Sates Air Force Academy. It is the standard set of rules that cadets are supposed to follow. It is used by other military schools, but in a somewhat different wording. One pro of the Cadet Honor Code is that some of it is enforced by both administrators and other cadets. This results in the cadets being on even better behavior because of the fact that their peers will be keeping them in control. However, one lie could ruin a cadet’s military career and reputation. This can also be a con because of the fact that cadets can make up a lie about someone, and in this situation it is your word against theirs. In addition, a con may be that the cadets may be so paranoid about breaking the code that they drive themselves crazy. Another pro is the fact that the code will influence the cadets in a very positive way in that the cadets will continue their behavior into their military and future careers in addition to their family. The Cadet Honor Code is made up of the basic values everybody should have and do.
Blue laws exist to theoretically protect the people. In the United States, most blue laws involve the regulation of alcoholic beverages. In Delaware, the blue law can be found in Title 4, chapter 7 of the Delaware Code. Specifically speaking, it only allows certain establishments to sell alcohol, it only allows alcohol to be sold between 9 AM and 1 AM, and it bans the sale of liquor on Sunday. This blue law can have both pros and cons. The pros are numerous. It keeps alcohol contained to certain, licensed establishments such as restaurants and liquor stores. This prevents anyone from just bootlegging alcohol and selling it to dubiously aged people. The time limit also has some advantages. By not selling alcohol between 1 AM and 8 AM, it prevents people from overdrinking into the wee hours of the night. While some people can say that banning the sale of liquor on Sunday has advantages, I cannot find any myself. Fortunately, the law is lenient enough to allow the sale of alcohol on special holidays such as Christmas. On the con side, the cons can be just as numerous. One could say that this is an infringement of personal profit. People should be able to sell what they want where they want. They should also be able to sell alcohol when they want too. People should be able to indulge themselves anytime they want. On a personal note, I believe that alcohol sales should not have a curfew limit or a Sunday ban, but I believe that where it is sold should be highly restricted.
A blue law is a state or local law which prohibits commercial activities to uphold the religious day of rest on the Sabbath. Although these laws were repealed in many states, a handful of states continue to enforce them. A recent news article talks about how the East Baton Rouge Parish in Louisiana is attempting to eradicate one of the most unpopular blue laws: the forbidden store sales of alcohol on Sundays. A proposal to revise East Baton Rouge Parish's blue law restricting alcohol sales on Sunday was deferred Wednesday, October 10, 2012. Those who are particularly religious are fond of these laws because their religion enforces that Sunday is strictly the day to worship God the Creator rather than purchasing alcoholic beverages. Most avid churchgoers deem that six days is sufficient to buy the desired alcohol. The churchgoers have a different view on the subject than the alcohol salesmen. Due to this blue law, the liquor stores lose a great deal of business. There are fifty-two weeks in a year, so the liquor stores are losing about two months' worth of revenue and sales tax. A major conflict with this law is the fact that major holidays or events have the possibility of taking place on a Sunday. In 2006, the awareness of this blue law was heightened because two holidays where alcohol consumption was common, New Year’s Eve and Christmas Eve, fell on a Sunday. Because of that situation, the stores would lose even more business. Residents have argued that the purchase of alcohol still takes place at a bar or restaurant, so the purchase of alcohol at a store is not much different. Baton Rouge’s arguments towards this law will hopefully be taken into consideration while the proposal is being reviewed.
A blue law that was enforced in the last century was the Lord’s Day Act. The Lord’s Day Act was implemented in Canada in 1906. The Lord’s Day Act prohibited any business transactions on Sunday. I believe that the cons of this blue law outweighed any of the pros. If you were abruptly in need of something very important, you could not just go out and buy it. If your son cut his finger on Sunday and you had no bandages, you would have to wait until Monday to go out and get bandages for his bleeding wound. Businesses and stores could only make profits six days of the week instead of seven days. This could have hindered potential business growth. People were caught violating this blue law regardless. In 1985 this blue law was labeled as unconstitutional in the case of R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd. Although the drug mart was charged with the violation of the Lord’s Day Act, a provincial court labeled the blue law as unconstitutional. Appealed by the Crown at the Supreme Court of Canada, a unanimous decision decreed the Lord’s Day Act as an infringement of the freedom of conscience and religion.
Every human is born with Original Sin (except for Mary and Jesus), so there are always inclinations to do things that might not follow God’s laws. To prevent one from giving into these inclinations or temptations, there are honor codes that expect commitment and honesty. Typical places where honor codes can be found are schools. The honor codes at schools can be written and students and/or teachers pledge to follow the code. A particular school that has an honor code is the University of Notre Dame. The honor code at Notre Dame is known as the Academic Code of Honor. The admission process requires that undergraduates must pledge to follow the honor code. The pledge states, “As a member of the Notre Dame community, I will not participate in or tolerate academic dishonesty.” Once the undergraduates agree to the honor code, they are expected to conform to the code.
The honor code has many pros that give the code significance at Notre Dame. One pro is that it helps the university feel that it has control over the students’ actions. When the students pledge to the honor code, they are obligated to follow the university’s expectations. The honor code also shows the authority of Notre Dame. If the honor code is broken, Notre Dame has complete control over the student’s punishment. The honor code also brings about benefits for the students. It can prompt the students to do their work and to learn their material, which helps them in courses. Even though there are many pros of the honor code at Notre dame, there are also cons. One con is that there are big penalties if a student is caught violating the honor code. Punishments range from a student receiving a zero for the assignment to a failure in a course to permanent dismissal from Notre Dame.
The expectations of the school also place a lot of pressure on the students, but if they do everything they’re supposed to then there shouldn’t be a large amount of pressure. If there is significant pressure, it could lead a student to dishonesty rather than integrity. Although there can be incidents when the honor code is broken, Notre Dame is a highly praised school that has students who are examples to others.
1. Today, many universities still uphold the honor code especially in military colleges. Two of the most commonly addressed honor codes are cheating and plagiarism. This includes copying other student’s answers to anything like a test or homework, or using papers from the internet. In military schools such as West Point, students are required to give a promise to comply with regulations in exchange for a privilege. If you do not give a promise to something, such as a dining privilege, you do not receive the privilege. Once you enter into this promise, you are bound to report yourself or anybody else for any violation that any of them commit.
I think that at St. Mark’s this honor code would not go over so well with the students. Most people would not admit to any wrong doing such as cheating unless they are caught first. I also think students at St. Mark’s will not tell on their friends because they would be afraid of getting them into trouble, or that everyone would be mad at them for it. It could break up friendships and nobody would be trusted with any information, not even closest friends.
The recent cheating scandal at Harvard has had many of the other major universities on the same level as Harvard looking at their own honor codes. Stanford has been re-emphasizing their honor code with the freshmen class and establishing major consequences if anything where to happen like what happened at Harvard. The Council of the Princeton University Community has been looking over their honor code and making recommendations on its usefulness in the current educational environment. Although many of its peer institutions have had honor codes in place for many years, Harvard has resisted one. Over the years, the college has experienced periodic cheating scandals that would have made the original Puritan and Congregationalist founders extremely upset. In the nineteenth century, Harvard students became distressed by the introduction of proctors because they believed the faculty had come to have an institutional distrust in students. The question students came to ask themselves was: Was it wrong to cheat—or was it merely wrong to have been caught? Harvard students have always seemed to have confusion when it comes to cheating. In the most recent scandal, the lines are so blurred that students who shared notes might be punished.
An example of an honor code that exists today is the Stanford Honor Code. It was written by the student body in 1921. It is fairly moderate compared to other university honor codes today. The honor code is the reason that examinations are not directly proctored by professors or teachers’ assistants. It states that the faculty “manifests its confidence in the honor of its students by refraining from proctoring examinations and from taking unusual and unreasonable precautions to prevent academic dishonesty.” The students are theoretically trusted to be their own “police force.” However, it seems that the code is not being fully practiced today. The rigid structure of some university examinations places no trust or confidence in the honor of the students. While there are some benefits to taking finals in the same room at the same time, many athletes, scientists, artists and aspiring businessmen and businesswomen are having games, presenting pieces, or interviewing for jobs. The timeslot is so rigid that you may not take the class if you cannot take the exam in the allotted time slot. A true interpretation of the Honor Code would be to trust students to take the exams on their own time. Many students do perform best when they work on their own time and in their own environment. However, students are not fully trusted not to cheat. The Office of Judicial Affairs stated that there were 82 Honor Code Violations in 2008 to 2009. This figure is probably increasing as smart phones become more high-tech, more discreet, and more common among young people. So maybe the risks of fully embracing the Honor Code would outweigh the benefits.
Back in the day, Puritans had an honor code that they followed. An example would be not to speak ill of someone unless it was for the good of the community. Honor codes still exist in our community today. Many colleges and universities have honor codes that students are expected to follow. Harvey Mudd College is one of many schools in our community that still practices the honor code. Their honor code states and expects students to act as responsible individuals and to carry themselves with honesty and integrity. The honor code also states that students should respect one another. The college considers these standards to be a big part of their community. Harvey Mudd College expects that all their students will be truthful and honest students so they allow closed-book exams in your dorm room and 24-hour student access to computers, labs, and studios, and shops. Having an honor code brings about many pros and cons. An honor code could be a great thing. It allows students to let their guards down and be more open to their peers. It reassures you that if you leave your laptop in the classroom that everyone at the school should have the honesty not to steal it and it will be returned to you. The con of Harvey Mudd College’s honor code is that not everyone will follow them. You want to believe that everyone will be honest and follow the rules but there’s always that one person who likes to rebel. If teachers administrate a take home test, they would like to think that students will have integrity and not cheat but some students would do anything for a good grade. It’s not fair when a student cheats and gets the same grade as someone who actually studied. Giving all of your trust to students might lead to them being dishonest. Overall, I think honor codes are good ideas. They give communities structure and a guide to follow. To make honor codes effective everyone just has to follow the rules.
The honor codes have benefits and disadvantages. The idea of having an honor code that relies on people being honest can be a good idea. It teaches people to take responsibility. Also it requires people to act out of their comfort zone. This can prepare people to realize that the world isn't completely sunshine and rainbows. They have to see that it is a mad world, and people can bite and hit you when your down. The other side of the honor code doesn't go as well though. People can cheat and even form groups around it. When people make friends, they tend to do everything in their power to keep these connections. This goes as far as people disregarding rules and codes to keep a buddy safe. Telling on people can be considered tattling or snitching. Society has decided that these things are for washed up, goody two shoes who have no life. As a result, people tend to ignore such rules. Honor code is a double sided sword that has its benefits and downfalls.
The blue laws were created to control the people and to help keep the community closer. For the most part, they were steered toward the Puritans. They put certain restrictions on the people so that they would conform more to a peaceful and beneficial society. The laws put standards up to follow the religious morals and to create an honor code. One of the things that one of the laws stated was that all the people would be required to honor the Sabbath by going to church and celebrating mass. Sometimes they even prohibited things like alcohol to be consumed. Most of the Puritans in colonial times were very strict and followed them. Having most of the people in those times following the laws created a very peaceful society. However, there were a few people who were exceptions. They broke the blue laws and suffered the consequences which usually included having to do the dirty, filthy, and tedious jobs in society that no one wanted to do. Later in the history of the colonies, the laws were considered unconstitutional and were not continued to be used. The blue laws ended up playing a large role in history and having a rather large impact on the society of the colonial Puritans.
Personally, I think if St Marks High School had an honor code, it would be very effective. I am not sure that every student would live up to the standards, but the idea itself is a good one and might encourage the kids to live up to proper morals. The honor code would not have to be very complex, maybe just a few words that would guide a student to do what is right. We could simply have a little poster in each room that said “St Mark’s Honor code: Honesty Respect Integrity.” Although this does not seem very effective or strict, every time a student entered a classroom and saw it, maybe they would think a little and make a minor morally right decision. Maybe, instead of sitting in the back of the room to cheat and text, that student moves up to the second or third row and actually listens to his teacher. I am not saying that every kid is going to see the poster and immediately become a hard-working, dedicated student; but it could inspire a few kids to take a little step in the right direction. At my old school, we had an honor code and like my idea it was three words on a laminated piece of paper in every room. No one really acknowledged it, but occasionally I would see it and say to myself, “you know what? I’m going to study for this test tonight.” I feel like these little things led me to become the intelligent phase 5 student I am now. Although I know I can definitely work harder and correct myself in tons of ways, I am pretty confident that I am heading the right way.
Blue laws are laws that forbid certain activities on Sundays either locally or statewide. Many of them have been repealed a long time ago, but there are still some in the law books that are enforced in the present day. In some states, such as Indiana and Connecticut, blue laws ban the sale of carryout alcoholic beverages on Sundays. When these laws came out, many people were extremely religious and did not want alcohol to corrupt the Christian Sabbath. The laws were an effective way to keep churchgoers sober during services, and crime on Sundays probably dropped. However, in modern times, the blue laws are not as convenient to citizens as they were before. For example, Indianapolis, Indiana, was hosting the Super Bowl last February. Many lucky New York Giants and New England Patriots fans flocked to Indianapolis’s football stadium to watch their favorite teams play on Super Bowl Sunday while drinking their favorite brand of beer. However, the blue laws in Indiana strictly forbid any alcohol purchases from liquor stores on Sundays. These laws forced the fans to buy their alcoholic beverages before the Sunday of the game, purchase their liquor from bordering states, drink at a restaurant or bar, or not buy any alcohol. Besides this one inconvenience, there has been much opposition to these laws from several liquor store owners. They feel that the blue laws are ruining their businesses and that the laws should be repealed to increase the owners’ weekly profit. Unfortunately for the storeowners, repealing the blue laws is not on the state legislature’s top priority, and they could wait for many years before the blue laws are even considered. Although blue laws such as the ban from purchasing alcoholic beverages originally were practical for early Americans, they have now become a nuisance to people in the modern-day world.
Blue laws are state or local laws which ban certain activities from taking place on Sundays, particularly entertainment, sports or drinking on Sunday. Blue laws were enacted to honor the Christian Sabbath. They originated in the New England colonies by the puritans who kept the Sabbath sacred. Blue laws were first established by the 17th century puritan leaders of the Commonwealth of Connecticut. "Blue" was commonly used in the 18th century as a disparaging reference to rigid moral codes and those who observed them. Most states have repealed blue laws, but they still exist in some states. Many states continue to have blue laws, like New Jersey has bans on Sunday business hours. Car dealerships in many states still adhere to blue laws which limit your ability to trade and complete automobile sales on Sunday. In other states, you may be unable to shop for certain items on Thanksgiving or Christmas. In many states, such as Connecticut and Georgia, alcohol can't be sold on Sunday, particularly before noon on a Sunday. I think that blue laws can be helpful in that they help to keep Sunday holy, but at the same time not everyone share the same religion therefore Sunday is not a holy day for everyone.
I believe that if an honor code were established in St. Mark’s High School, it would definitely be worth the extra rules and structure. I think it would be fair if our honor code included integrity. If a student saw another student cheating on a test or quiz or copying homework, I think he or she should report the cheater. I think it would only be fair because the majority of the class worked hard to study or to complete an assignment, and it wouldn’t be fair if the person who did not do any work was given the same grade. I believe that if this honor code was implemented in St. Mark’s, everyone would have more integrity because if they did cheat, then they would be reported by another student. I also think that people should report sightings of students taking other students’ property without their permission. Even if they are stealing something apparently small and insignificant, such as a fry at lunchtime, it should be discouraged. These students and their parents paid money for it and it should be respected. I think that if this honor code was implemented in St. Mark’s, then it would help the integrity of the school to create a more hardworking and trusting environment.
Since I am a man that is more interested in providing solutions than in researching problems, I will give my view on how an honor code at St. Mark’s might or might not work. My view is that an honor code, which promotes academic integrity and not stealing, would work very well. However I believe it would only work if certain guidelines were put down. One of those guidelines would be if caught stealing, that person would receive immediate expulsion. Another would be if caught cheating, that person would receive suspension and a zero on the test or quiz. The final guideline that I think would need to be put in place is if a student knows another person is cheating and lets the teacher know, that student will get some sort of reward. This final guideline would not only help that academic integrity is kept, but would help scare kids from cheating because there they know there are more people watching for them cheating. In conclusion, I think this honor code would do a lot of good things for the school. First it would help make the high school kids better students because they would have to do there own work. Second it would make everyone in the school feel better because they know they do not have to worry about their belongings getting stolen. Lastly this honor code would make the school an over all better place.
An honor code to be abided by in the academic aspect of St. Mark's would only be beneficial in a perfect world in my personal opinion. Although the St. Mark's community as a whole is made up of very respectable young men and women, it is only human nature to find an the most facile solution to any situation. The idea of students being able to go about their high school career abiding by an honor code is a more of an idealistic concept. I believe that initially, an honor code would bring out the best of students at St. Mark's, but as time went on, the concept would be corrupted. For example, a school enforcing a dress code is never necessarily a negative thing, but there will always be students who, in time, will find a loophole in the written rule and abuse it. The temptation to lie, cheat, and steal is something as humans we are challenged with in our everyday lives. Even the most respectable adults would most probably admit to giving into the inclination to cheat even if it was against their better judgement.
1. Blue laws or honor codes are laws first established by the early settlers of New England, the Puritans. They set up these laws to keep their religious citizens in order and to prevent them from having entertainment. Today blue laws still exist in some states and universities. You can see in the picture above one example of honor codes in the present. The picture shows the Cadet Honor Code, used by both the United States Military Academy and the United States Air Force Academy. It states, and I’m paraphrasing here, cadets cannot lie or steal, or let others do the same. Other examples of blue laws in states are the ever popular law that you cannot buy alcohol until after 12:00 noon on Sundays. This is preserving the belief that drinking alcohol during a time when you could be at Mass is disrespectful. Another example of a blue law that is still in effect today is a certain law in Connecticut. This law states that it is illegal to kiss your wife on a Sunday. Again, preserving the Puritan laws about entertainment on the Lord’s day.
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